Pemanfaatan Biji Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Pada Pembuatan Bioplastik Menggunakan Plasticizer Sorbitol dan Pengisi Kitosan

Abstract

Bioplastics are alternative materials to replace conventional plastic packaging in order to reduce environmental pollution. Starch is a natural polymer that can be used for the production of bioplastics because its source is abundant, renewable and easily degraded. Jackfruit seeds can be used as raw material for bioplastics because its contains starch. The aim of this study to determine the characteristics of jackfruit seeds and determine the effect of chitosan and sorbitol on the physicochemical properties of bioplastics from jackfruit seeds. Starch is extracted from jackfruit seeds were then characterized to determine its chemical composition. Do characteristics of FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and RVA (Rapid Visco Analyzer) on starch jackfruit seeds. To obtain a starch bioplastics plasticizer sorbitol and chitosan is added. In the manufacture of bioplastics starch composition jackfruit seeds - chitosan used was 7: 3, 8: 2 and 9: 1 (g / g), while the concentration of sorbitol used was 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% by weight dry ingredients. Bioplastics were analyzed physical and chemical properties as density, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, water absorption, FT-IR, SEM, and RVA. From the results of FT-IR analysis indicated an increase in wave number 3336.85 cm-1 to 3657.04 cm-1 for the OH group and 1570.06 cm-1 to 1593.20 cm-1 for the group NH on bioplastics due to the addition of chitosan and sorbitol. The results of mechanical tests is further supported by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing jackfruit seed starch has a small granule size with the size of 7.6 μm and in bioplastics with chitosan filler and plasticizer sorbitol their fracture surface is smooth and slightly hollow compared bioplastics without fillers chitosan and plasticizer sorbitol. From the analysis of jackfruit seed starch obtained water content of 6.04%, ash content of 1.08%, the starch content of 70.22%, 16.39% amylose content, amylopectin content of 53.83%, 4.68% protein content, fat content 0.54%, gelatinization temperature of 88.82 ° C with a peak of 3276.5 cP viscosity and the best conditions of starch bioplastics jackfruit seeds obtained at a ratio of starch: chitosan (w / w) = 8: 2 and the concentration of plasticizer sorbitol 25% by a density value of 1.111 g / cm3, 13.524 MPa tensile strength, elongation at break 14.67%, 92.188 MPa Young's modulus and water absorption 45.84%.