Pengaruh Karakteristik Sosiodemografi terhadap Kepatuhan Berobat Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Amplas Kecamatan Medan Amplas Kota Medan

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the degenerative disease which has the highest prevalence in the world; it reaches from 20% to 50% with the ages of patients are from 35 to 74, according to the report from WHO (World Health Organization) Wolf-Maier reported that the compliance in the treatment of hypertension in some European countries and America is only from 25% to 53%. At Amplas Puskesmas, hypertension disease becomes the fourth rank since the most visits in 2012 with 2,752 visits. According to the theory of Health Belief Model (HBM), the behavior of compliance in the treatment is based on the perception of the patients on their illness.

The objective of the research was to know the factors of socio-demographic characteristics related to the compliance of hypertension patients in following/complying with the treatment at Amplas Puskesmas, Medan. The research used cross-sectional approach. The samples were taken by using consecutive sampling technique. The samples comprised 245 hypertension patients at Amplas Puskesmas, Amplas Auxiliary Puskesmas, and posyand (integrated health post) for the old in the working area of Amplas Puskesmas. They were taken by using consecutive. sampling technique and analysis by using bivatriate, chi square, and multivariate tests with Cox-proportional Hazard Model in order to know socio- demographic factors related to the compliance in the treatment of hypertension patients.

The result of the research showed that the proportion of hypertension ‘patients’ compliance in the treatment was 72.6%. The result of multivatriate of socio- demographic characteristics test, related to the compliance in the treatment included the age of patients (RP: 1.77, 95% Cl: 1.24-2.53), family per capita income (RP: 1.71, 95% Cl: 1.23-2.38), and blood pressure (RP: 281, 95% CI: 1.71-4.62). Meanwhile, further analysis showed that there was the correlation between the level of patients’ knowledge in hypertension and between the level of knowledge and patients’ perceptica on hypertension.

It is recommended that health workers in the working area of Amplas Puskesmas should always provide information about hypertension through counseling, motivation, and good therapeutic communication for hypertension patients when they visit Puskesmas or posyandu (integrated health post) for the old so that they will have god perception about hypertension and hypertension patients should increase their knowledge about hypertension by using consultation time and counseling and follow the instruction from health workers while they are being treated.