Simbol dalam Pengobatan Tradisional (Tambar) Etnik Batak Toba

Abstract

Tambar is a way of curing disease by relying on special knowledge in concocting medicinal plants, this special ability is usually passed down from generation to generation from their ancestors, in Toba Batak society the mention of tambar varies depending on the disease being cured such as pardampol (masseuse), datu (shaman) and others, but in general the mention of this medicine is parubat huta (village healer). This study aims to describe the forms of symbols found in traditional medicine (tambar) for the Toba Batak ethnicity, to describe the functions and meanings of symbols found in traditional medicine (tambar) for the Toba Batak ethnicity. The theory used to analyze the data from this research is a semiotic theory, namely symbols proposed by Peirce and meanings proposed by Ogden and Richard. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of research on traditional medicine symbols (tambar) for the Toba Batak ethnicity which are focused on 3 diseases namely breast cancer (andorabion), sprains (taralit), skin disease (gadam) there are 47 forms, functions and meanings of symbols which include equipment symbols, herb symbols (pulungan), spell symbols (tabas). Breast cancer (andorabion) has 2 types of equipment symbols, namely: pinggan pasu (large ceramic plate), imbuluni manuk (chicken feather). The 10 types of herb symbols (pulungan) include: sira risi (coarse salt), baoran ni aek (running water), needle, salimbatu (jeringau), hapur (whiting lime), monis (menis), pipir na birong (black pepper), hasior (kencur), pege (ginger), haminjon (incense). Dislocated (taralit) has 3 types of equipment symbols, among others: napuran tiar (betel leaf and money), haminjon (incense), sigaret (cigarettes). The 7 types of herb symbols include: gambiri (candlenut), tumba (liter), napuran (betel leaf), urat ni rih (weed root), miak (lathe oil), silinjuang, ompu-ompu (bakung flower). 1 type of spell symbol: tabas tawar mulajadi. Gadam (skin disease) has 3 types of equipment symbols, among others: losung batu (stone mortar), pinggan na bontar (white cup), pandais (glazing). 20 types of herb symbols (pulungan) include: pining (areca nut), gambiri (candlenut), miak makkan (eating oil), lipan (centipede), unte pangir (kaffir lime), halto (palm fruit), sae-sae, sipilit (gandarusa), salim batu (jeringau), ulu ni horbo na darangon (buffalo's head with scabies), rimbur (dragonfly), bareranggis (sulphur), pauruya hayu (wood powder), rihit (sand), dabu tabu bunor (pumpkin round), tano (soil), eme na goyang (broken rice), rapu ni hudon (broken pot), baja miak (tree sap), ihan Batak (Batak fish). 1 type of spell symbol (tabas), among others: tabas tawar bisa.