Islamisasi Kaum Paderi di Angkola - Mandailing (1820-1838)

Abstract

This research is about the history of Islam in Angkola-Mandailing at the beginning of the 19th century. The development of Islam in this period is closely related to the Islamization process carried out by the Islamic Purists and the arrival of the Dutch. The purpose of this study was to find out the Islamization process by the Islamic Purists in Angkola-Mandailing in 1820 to 1838; to know the extent of the influence of the Islamic Purists movement on the development of the population in Angkola-Mandailing in 1820 to 1838; to find out how the Dutch Colonial government responded to the Islamization process by the Islamic Purists in Angkola-Mandailing. In answering these problems, the author uses historical methodology, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. From the results of the study are founded that: First, the Islamic Purists are the spreaders of Islam in a large scale in the area of Angkola and Mandailing. Islamization by Islamic Purists in Angkola-Mandailing is led by two figures, Tuanku Rao and Tuanku Tambusai. The purpose of the Islamic Purists movement in Angkola-Mandailing is, first to clean people's habits that are contrary to Islamic teachings such as: Indigenous festivals of idols, cockfights with bets, neglecting prayer, eating betel, smoking, making beautiful tombstones and making people who died to be sacred and others. The second objective is to carry out da'wah by Islamizing people who still adhere to animism (pelebegu) or dynamism or people who are still infidels. Furthermore, the third goal is to expel the Dutch colonizer from Angkola-Mandailing. Second, the Islamic Purists movement is also very influential on the development of society in Angkola-Mandailing because this movement has changed many functions and structures that exist in society. This movement resulted in the values of Islam became more prominent than the values of customs. Third, the Dutch Colonial Government conducted various actions or policies 10 quell the Islamic Purists movement. The Dutch colonial government with military force attacked the troops of Islamic Purists. The Dutch also sought to influence traditional leaders to cooperate against the movement of Islamic Purists.