Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian Malaria di Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser Kabupaten Karo Tahun 2006

Abstract

In Indonesia malaria is still a health problem seen from 15 million cases and 38.000 people die every year. ln the Province of Sumatera Utara 82.405 cases of malaria are found every year. Leuser ecosystem area of Karo district belongs to the Bukit Barisan Mountains known as the lung of the world also faces the malaria problem because three subdistricts - Mardingding, Laubaleng and Kutabutuh - located in this Leuser ecosystem area are the malaria endemic areas. From 2003 to 2005, the cases of malmia was 17,35 % (based on the indicator of Annual Malaria Incidence). To examine the risk factors causing the incidence of malaria in Leuser ecosystem are of Karo district, this study employs the case-control research method. The samples comprise 138 people who have been diagnosed to suffer from malaria and 138 people whose disease history say that they never suffer from malaria but all of them have the same characteristics in terms of age and sex.The result of study reveals that poor action (OR = 11,4), mosquito breeding place (OR = 6,0), low level of community knowledge (OR = 6,7), education (OR = 4,4), occupation (OR = 3), the distance from mosquito breeding place to residential area (OR = 3,7), house/environmental fogging (spraying)(OR = 4,6) have an influence as the risk factors causing malaria. The conclusion of this study is that poor action is the dominant factor causing the incidence of malaria in this area. To minimize the incidence of malaria in the community, it is suggested that health promotion through an extension be directly introduce to the community and the indirect extension can be done through brochures, leaflets, newspapers and electronic mass media.