Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Umbi Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr.)

Abstract

The cases of bacterial resistance to antibiotics are a big concern. The search for new antibacterial agents is, therefore, a constant necessity in efforts to overcome the problem of bacterial resistance. One of medicinal plant that has long been used traditionally for its antibacterial activity is "bawang sabrang” (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr.) of the family Iridaceae. The aims of this study to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, aethyl acetate fraction and residual fraction of bawang sabrang against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and to find out the chemical compounds. This study included phytochemical screening, characterization of powdered simplex and ethanol extract. The extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol, fractionation was done by using n-hexane and aethyl acetate, respectively. The antibacterial activity was tested in vitro by agar diffusion method using punch hole with a concentration of 20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus pumilus ATCC 7061, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Methicillin-resistant Stophylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 25923, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Propionibacterium acne ATCC 6918, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and gram-negative bacteia (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Salmonella thypi ATCC 29213). The analysis of chemical compounds was conducted using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography. The ethanol extract of bawang sabrang have antibacterial activity for gram positive and gram negative bacteria except for MRSA and Micrococus luteus.The n-hexane fractions showed higher inhition zone, followed by aethyl acetate fraction, the ethanol extract and residual fractions for all tested bacteria. The chemical compounds of the ethanol extract were alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids while the chemical compounds in the fraction of n-hexane were triterpene and steroid and the chemical compounds in the aethyl acetate fraction were phenolic compounds such as tannins and flavonoids.