Pengaruh Perilaku Ibu terhadap Kejadian Malaria pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Siabu Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium which enters human body through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Clinical malaria disease frequently infects children, particularly children who are six months to five years old, and it can cause 10% in the death of children. The national target for malaria case of Annual Parasite Index (API) will be 1/1,000 inhabitants in 2015. There were 90 cases of malaria found in 1-4 year old children from January, 2013 to January, 2014. The type of the research was an observational analytic with case control design. The population was all mothers who had children under five years old who had positive and negative malaria. The samples consisted of 180 respondents who were divided into two groups: 90 of them were in the case group and the other 90 were in the control group. The data were analyzed by using univatriat, bivatriat, and multivatriat analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. The result of the research showed that the variables of age (OR = 1.949; 95%CI 1,04-3,93), occupation (OR = 1.840; 95%CI 1,00-3,59), action (OR = 2.119; 95%CI 1,11-4,02), the distance among the puddles of water (OR = 2.259; 95%CI 1,18-3,65), and the use of wire screen (OR= 1.945; 95%CI 1,03-3,65) influenced the incidence of malaria. The most dominant variable which influenced the incidence of malaria was the distance among the puddles of water at the value of OR= 2.259, in which mothers who had children under five years old with positive malaria were most probably close to the puddles of water, compared with those who had below five year-old children with negative malaria. It is recommended that the Health Service of Mandailing Natal District improve the activities in counseling and perform inter-sectoral coordination and environmental modification program. It is also recommended that Siabu Puskesmas provide correct and complete guidance about taking medicines and motivation for patients. Besides that, patients affected by malaria should attempt to avoid mosquito bites and take medicines regularly, according to doctors ' directions.