Efektifitas Ekstrak Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) sebagai Antifungal terhadap Trichophyton rubrum Penyebab Dermatofitosis Secara In vitro

Abstract

Background: Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) is used commercially and widely for health because of its nutritional content. In a recent study, this plant has been shown to have a potential secondary metabolite bioactive component as an antifungal. Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection often found in Indonesia and throughout the world. The most common causative species are Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Available antifungal drugs have weaknesses, such as toxic side effects and fungal resistance, so it is necessary to find alternative antifungal therapies. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of avocado peel extract (Persea americana Mill) as an antifungal against T. rubrum, which causes dermatophytosis in vitro. Methods: In vitro laboratory experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. Analysis of the active compounds and the total content of the active compounds was carried out and continued with the antifungal activity test. In each group, the antifungal activity test was carried out using the fungus T. rubrum ATCC 28188 for five repetitions with the treatment of avocado peel extract at several specified concentrations and 2% ketoconazole cream as a positive control. Results: The avocado peel extract in this study contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The average total phenolic level examination results were 17.30 mg GAE/g (SD = 0.49), and the flavonoid content obtained was 7.37 mg GAE/g extract (SD = 0.14). The antifungal activity test showed a significant difference with the highest mean inhibition zone diameter of T. rubrum, which was demonstrated at a concentration of 75%. Conclusion: Avocado peel extract can inhibit the growth of the Trichophyton rubrum, and the effect increases with the concentration