Penggunaan Marka Molekuler RAPD dan Mikrosatelit untuk Identifikasi Hibrida F1 Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Abstract

The research was carried out in Moleculer Biology Laboratory. Oil Palm Research institute (IOPRI) Medan. The research was carried to examine genetic relationship between parents and their hybrids and to produce markers useful for purity hybrid testing. The analysis used in the study were RAPD and Microsatelit. RAPD band profiles were used to detect genetic similarity among parents and progenies. Dendogram and correspondency matix analysis were calculated by Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSys) versi on 2.02 sofware.

This research used two populations consist of 20 progenies from 8054620 x BO5453D cross (population I) and 22 progenies from BO944T x BO713P crossing (population II), planted in Bah Jambi estate.

The RAPD analysis was conducted by screening the primers gave polimorphic fragment among parent and the progeny. From 28 primers tested, 14 primers produced polymorphic marker, 11 primers produced monomorphic and 3 primers were unable to amplified. Among 14 primers that produced polimorphic bands, 7 RAPD primers were chosen, they OPJ- 04,0P0-13,0PC-19,0PD-10,0PK-19,0PR-07 and OPD-11. These 7 primers produced 52 bands. Primer OPJ-04 produced highest polimorphism loci (12 loi) and primer OPO-13 produced less polimorphism loci (4 loci). From the 7 primers used, there was 1 primer that can be used as genetic purity marker, this is primer OPD-11 with D_11_250 locus.

Cluster analysis showed that population I, was clustered into 5 groups with genetic similarity around 62%. Group A Consist of 8 progenies which were closely related to female parent and group B consist of 3 progenies closely related to male parent. Population il was clusterad into two group. (A and B) with genetic similarity 66%. Group A were divided into & sub groups, where sub group A; consist of 8 progenies were closely related to female parent. Sub group A2, A3 and A4 were closely related to male parent.

Deviation analysis showed that in population I, there were found 3 off type progenies (number 3,8, and 15) and in population II there were 4 off type progenies (number 26.28,30 and 45).

Microsatelit analysis showed that from 15 primers visualized in agarose gel there were 9 primers produced polimorphic band, 3 primers produced monomorphic and 3 primers did not able to be amplified. Among & primers that showed polimorphic_band, only 5 primers mEGCIR0173 mEQCIR0802, mECIR3785, mEGCIR3363 and mEGCIR292 were able to produce bands when visualized with polyacrilamide gel.

Band profile produced from amplification of microsatellite showed highest polimorfism with low band density of very small base range and band thicknees. These band condition made scoring was difficult and could not used to detect genetic similarity between parent and progeny.