Hubungan Antara Fungsi Menelan dan Status Nutrisi dengan Tingkat Keparahan dan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Penyakit Parkinson

Abstract

Background Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and is caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substania nigra. Dysphagia is defined as a disorder of the complex and integrated sensorimotor system. Dysphagia associated with Parkinson's disease is associated with serious clinical complications, especially in terms of reduced quality of life, insufficient drug intake, malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia, which are the leading causes of death in patients with Parkinson's disease. Objective This study was conducted to determine the relationship between swallowing function and nutritional status with the severity and quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. Method This study used a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 57 Parkinson's disease subjects at the Neurology polyclinic and Integrated Inpatient Central General Hospital (RSUP) Haji Adam Malik Medan and Satelite Hospital during April - December 2022. Swallowing function was assessed using The Massey Bedside Swallowing Screen, nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, severity using the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, and quality of life using the Parkinson's Diseases Questionnaire-39 item version (PDQ-39). Result There is an influence between swallowing function on the severity of Parkinson's disease patients with a significance value of p<0.001. There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and severity in patients with Parkinson's disease with a value of p<0.001, value of r=0.779. There is an influence between swallowing function on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease with a significance value of p<0.001. There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients with value of p <0.001, value of r= 0.669. Conclusion There is relationship between swallowing function and nutritional status with severity and quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients.