Hubungan Polimorfisme Gen Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) dengan Daya Tahan Otot (Muscular endurance) pada Atlet Sepak Bola

Abstract

Gen Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) merupakan koaktivator faktor transkripsi yang mengatur biogenesis mitokondria dan OXPHOS (Oxidation Phosporylation) yang penting untuk metabolisme sel otot. Variasi pada ekson 4 pada gen PPARGC1A berhubungan dengan fenotip kemampuan manusia. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan homozigot Gly482 lebih sering ditemukan pada atlet yang berorientasi pada daya tahan otot. Alel Gly482 berhubungan dengan peningkatan proporsi serabut otot tipe I. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan polimorfisme gen PPARGC1A dengan daya tahan otot pada atlet sepak bola. Desain penelitian adalah desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 atlet sepak bola dan diambil sel darah vena yang kemudian dilakukan isolasi DNA. Polimorfisme gen PPARGC1A ekson 4 dilakukan menggunakan protocol PCR-RFLP dengan enzim MspI. Pemeriksaan isolasi DNA,dan PCR-RFLP dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu USU. Tes push-up digunakan untuk mengetahui daya tahan otot subyek. Analisa data bivariat digunakan uji non-parametrik menggunakan Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan genotip Gly482Gly sebanyak 35 orang (36,5%), genotip Gly482Ser sebanyak 40 orang (41,7%), dan Ser482Ser sebanyak 21 orang (21,9%). Hasil tes push-up mayoritas kategori sangat baik sebanyak 49 orang (51%). Hasil Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menyatakan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,278). Pada populasi penelitian ini sesuai dengan asas Hardy-Weiberg Equilibrium (p=0,57) Tidak terdapat hubungan antara polimorfisme gen PPARGC1A dengan daya tahan otot (p=0,278). Daya tahan otot pada atlet sepak bola secara mayoritas sangat baik.

The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) gene is a co-activator of transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS (Oxidation Phosporylation) which are important for muscle cell metabolism. Variations in exon 4 in the PPARGC1A gene are related to the phenotype of human ability. The results of previous studies stated that homozygote Gly482 is more commonly found in athletes who are oriented to muscular endurance. The Gly482 allele is associated with an increase in the proportion of type I muscle fibers. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of PPARGC1A gene polymorphism with muscular endurance in soccer athletes. The research design is a cross sectional design. The number of samples was 96 soccer athletes and venous blood cells were taken which were then DNA isolated. Exon 4 PPARGC1A gene polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP protocol with MspI enzyme. DNA isolation examination, and PCR-RFLP performed at Laboratorium Terpadu USU. Push-up tests are used to determine the subject's muscular endurance. Analysis of bivariate data used non-parametric tests using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results of this study found Gly482Gly genotype as many as 35 people (36.5%), Gly482Ser genotype as many as 40 people (41.7%), and Ser482Ser as many as 21 people (21.9%). The majority of push-up test results were in very good category as many as 49 people (51%). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test stated that there was no significant relationship (p = 0.278). In this study population in accordance with the principle of Hardy-Weiberg Equilibrium (p = 0.57) There is no relationship between PPARGC1A gene polymorphism and muscular endurance (p = 0.278). Muscular endurance in the majority of soccer athletes is very good.