Tipologi Morfologis dan Struktur Argumen Bahasa Melayu Riau

Abstract

The research objective is to describe the morphological typology of BMR and argument structure. The descriptive- qualitative method is adopted in the research The data collecting done by adopting the cakap method and simak method. The data analysis applies the agih method with deletion technique, substitution technique, and expansion technique. The data analysis result is presented employing the formal method. The data originate from oral and written ones. The theories applied in the research are Greenberg (1974), dan Blake (1981), Comrie (1989), Artawa (1998), and Jufrizal (2002, 2004, 2012). The reserch result shows BMR affixes that is prefixes {meN-}, {beR-}, {teR-}, {di-}, {peN-}, {se-}, {peR-}, {ke-}, and {bese-}; infixes {-em-}, { -el-}, and {-er-}; suffixes {-an}, {-kan}, and {-i}; confixes {peN-an}, {peR-an}, {ke-an),{ber-an}, and {se-nye}; affix combination {mempeR-(-kan, -i)}, {me-kan), and {di-kan} can stick to the basic forms, such as nominal, verbal, adjectival, adverbial, and numeral. The affixation can alter the word classes (derivational processes) or it cannot change word classes (inflectional processes). The affixes possess such an prominent role both morphologically and semantically that BMR can morphologically be said as an aglutinative language. The basic clause structure of BMR is composed of intransitive verbs clauses and transitive ones. The unmarked word order typology of BMR clauses is SVO or, in certain circumstances, the word order VSO is also accepted. The BMR argument structure can be existed through predication in the form of verbals and non-verbals (nominal, pronominal, adjectival, prepositional, and numeral). The transitivity in BMR can be formed through causative and applicative construction. The main gramatical role of BMR clauses are agents and patients, while the gramatical relation of BMR consists of subject, object, and semantic obligue relations. The typological research on gramatical features of complex sentences and the pivot test shows BMR syntactically has features as an accusative language because it treats subject (S) with same way as agent (A) and different from P (patient), it, however, also indicates BMR possesses split-S and fluid-S systems.