Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Usia Pertengahan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Berastagi Kabupaten Karo Tahun 2014

Abstract

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES III) stated that the prevalence of the incidence of hypertension in the United States in the period of 2010-2012 was about 39 to 51%. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia in 2010 reached to 31. 7%. The prevalence of hypertension in North Sumatera in 2007 was 5.8% and in 2013 it was diagnosed by health care providers at 6.6%, and the prevalence of hypertension in Karo District was 35.5%. The research was observational analytic with case control study design. The population was 6,552 middle-aged people (45 to 59 years old) who visited Berastagi Puskesmas. The samples consisted of 7 4 cases and 7 4 controls, taken by using consecutive sampling technique, and the data were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression at a = 5%. The result of the research showed that 45.9% of the respondents were 55 to 59 years old, 65.5% of them were females, 41.9% of them were high school graduates, and 59.5% of them were farmers. Based on their eating pattern, in the proportion of middle-aged respondents, based on eating pattern case, 70.3% of the respondents had bad eating pattern, 51.4% of them were physically weak, 60.8% of them smoked, 68. 9% of them consumed more salt, and 77. 0% of them underwent obesity. The variables of eating pattern at OR = 2.93 (95%CL·l.49-5. 78), physical activity at OR = 2.85 (95%CL·J.43-5.66), smoking at OR = 2.86 (95%CL· 1.47-5.58), consuming salt at OR = 2. 75 (95%Cl;l.40-5.39), and obesity at OR = 2.55 (95%CI;l.25-519) had the influence on the incidence of hypertension. The variable which had the most dominant influence on the incidence of hypertension was eating pattern. There was the influence of the status of eating pattern, physical activity, consuming salt, smoking, and obesity on the incidence of hypertension. It is recommended that health care providers perform promotion by providing health counseling and people perform primary prevention by controlling high fat eating pattern, conduct physical exercises regularly like gymnastics for old people, consume low salty but high fiber food such as vegetables and fruit, keep weight and not smoke