Analisis Medan Aliran Gravitasi Turbin Air Vortex Satu Tingkat Dengan Impeller pada Wadah Silinder

Abstract

One of the challenges contained in the General National Energy Plan is to increase the national renewable energy mix to 23% in 2025 and to 31% in 2050. This is one of the driving forces for researchers to be able to provide solutions in the use of renewable energy. Indonesia has many renewable energy sources, from water, geothermal, bioenergy, wind and solar energy. Of all these sources, which technologically can make a significant contribution is water energy. Although very promising, the development of hydro energy still requires a very large investment and its position is generally in mountainous areas. One of the potentials of water energy that is still rarely used is water energy with low head. Energy sources like this with a head between 1 to 3 m are very easy to find in almost all parts of Indonesia. Based on literature studies conducted in the last 5 years and recommendations from previous studies that research on the gravitational flow field that occurs in vortex turbines is recommended to be carried out. Therefore, in this dissertation research, a study and analysis of the flow field carried out on the Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine (GWVT) which has an impeller in the cylindrical basin. The aim is to formulate the performance of a vortex turbine and study the type and shape of the flow that occurs. To achieve this goal, a numerical approach and an experimental approach was carried out. In the numerical approach, commercial FEA software was used. Meanwhile, in the experimental approach, a test tool was built which is equipped with a data acquisition system. Both of these approaches used to formulate the flow field of a vortex turbine with an impeller. The results obtained from this study are to provide information about the type and form of flow that occurs at optimum conditions that can be used in developing vortex turbine technology and design so that it can be used efficiently to produce electrical energy from low head water flow. The vortex turbine use a cylindrical basin with a diameter of 100cm and a height of 80cm with an inclined blade blade type with a head diameter of 20 cm, an outer diameter of 60 cm, a corner radius of curvature of R500 and an inclination angle of 60 deg. From the experimental test, it produces a maximum turbine power of 47.43 watts with a turbine efficiency of 43.11% and a torque of 10.8 Nm at a 9-blade turbine blade at a speed of 2.5m/s