Seroprevalensi Antibodi SARS-COV-2 sebelum Vaksinasi Covid-19 pada Siswa SMA di Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Introduction : Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is a new varian of coronavirus that has never been previously identified in humans. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unprecedented public health situation. It is important to be well informed on methods to monitor and analyse the progression of the pandemic. The Serology tests detect the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Population based serological surveys are useful for epidemiologic purposes to define how widespread the transmission of infection and understand the immunity landscape in a population at large. Objective : To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in high school students in Deli Serdang district, Provinci of North Sumatera. Methods : This cross-sectional study enrolled 385 students from August-December 2022. Primary data ( demographic, health, and COVID-19 exposure) information was collected, and finger blood sampling analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibody. RBD screening and examination of anti-S1 antibodies using the ELISA method were carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatera. Results : The female participants were 249 (64,7%). The median age of the students was 16 years (13-18). History of COVID-19 infection were found in 3 from 385 study subjects. History of exposure to person with COVID-19 were found in 16 (94,2%) from 385 participants. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 49.4% with a median antibody level of 1375.19 BAU/ml (38.16-6953.77). The proportion of seropositive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the early adolescent age group was 64.1%. The proportion of seropositive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in males was 52.9%. The seropositive rate for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the group with a history of COVID-19 infection was 100%. Of the 167 (87.9%) students with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results did not show clinical symptoms of acut respiratory infection during the last 7 days of data collection. Conclusion : The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in students at SMA N 1 Namorambe, Deli Serdang Regency, was 49.4%, or about 6 times higher than the reported positive cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the median value of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels with each of the demographic characteristics of the study subjects (P <0.05).