Verba Penglihatan Bahasa Batak Toba: Kajian Metabahasa Semantik Alami

Abstract

This study describes categorization, meaning and semantic structure, and the semantic role of sight verbs in the Toba Batak language (BBT) using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory and Overall Semantic Role theory. The data used in this research are spoken data, written data, and intuitive data. Data collection using the listening method and the speaking method. Data analysis was performed using the matching method and the distribution method. The results showed that BBT sight verbs consisted of four categories, namely (1) 'X saw Y for some time because X felt something', (2) 'X saw Y for some time because X thought of something', (3) 'X saw Y for some time because X wants to know something', and (4) 'X saw at Y for some time because X wants to say something'. The meaning of the BBT sight verb is formed by four polysemies, namely SEE/FEEL, SEE/THINK, SEE/KNOW, and SEE/SAY. The semantic structure of the BBT sight verb is formed by the original meaning of the predicate seeing, feeling, thinking, knowing, saying, and happening. The BBT sight verbs argument has two general roles, namely the actor (perpetrator) and the sufferer. The two general roles have specific roles, such as the actor (perpetrator) as the experiencer, while the sufferer is the stimulus, theme, and location. The semantic role of BBT sight verbs with the general role of subject as actor (performer) and object as sufferer produces thematic relations of experience-theme, experience-stimulus, experience-locative, and experience.