Penggunaan Kategori Fatis pada Masyarakat Minangkabau di Pasar Sukaramai, Medan: Kajian Sosiolinguistik

Abstract

This sociolinguistic research aims to investigate the forms and functions of phatic categories used by the Minangkabau community in Pasar Sukaramai. The forms of phatic categories are identified using the framework proposed by Kridalaksana, which classifies phatic categories into three types: particles, words, and phrases. Furthermore, the functions of each phatic form are analyzed based on the theories put forward by Malinowski, the pioneer of the concept of phatics, and Jakobson. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive method. Prior to the data collection, an observation method was employed along with a series of supporting techniques. The data were then analyzed using pragmatic equivalence method. The findings of this study reveal that the Minangkabau community employs various forms of phatic categories, including particles, compounds, words, and phrases. Regarding the functions of phatic categories, they can be categorized based on Jakobson's theoretical framework as follows: 1) attracting the attention of the interlocutor, 2) maintaining communication continuity, and 3) initiating a conversation. Additionally, based on Malinowski's theory, the functions include: 1) commenting on something already known, and 2) creating social bonds.