Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Fungsi Kognitif pada Pasien Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik

Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can involve various organ systems including the nervous system with the most clinical manifestations being cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is a hidden and often undiagnosed manifestation of SLE but can seriously impair quality of life even in mild cognitive impairment. Objectives: To determine the factors that affect cognitive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study selected by consecutive sampling technique, in which SLE patients who went to the internal medicine polyclinic at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in the study. This research started from January to April 2024. Results: this study was conducted on 50 SLE patients consisting of 48 women and 2 men with an average age of 34.90 ± 11.81 years. The mean duration of SLE is 4.18 ± 3.15 years. Based on the degree of SLE disease activity, the majority of mild degrees were found in 35 people (70%). Based on the Moca-Ina score, 29 people (58%) experienced cognitive impairment, 20 people (40%) got an abnormal TMT A score and 27 people (54%) got an abnormal TMT B score. On the GPT examination, the dominant hand average was 76.56 ± 18.26 seconds, the non-dominant hand average was 84.42 ± 18.83 seconds, and the composite average was 161.16 ± 36.36. There were factors that were significantly related to cognitive function based on the Moca-Ina score, namely education (p=0.032), degree of SLE disease activity (p=0.004) and organ damage in SLE patients (P=0.025), while based on TMT A scores and TMT B is organ damage in SLE patients (p=0.017 and p=0.012). Based on the multivariate analysis of the factors that affect cognitive function based on the Moca-Ina score, it was obtained that the more dominant factor was the degree of SLE disease activity (p=0.024) Conclusion: There are factors that significantly affect cognitive function in SLE patients, namely education, degree of SLE disease activity and organ damage in SLE patients. Based on the Moca-Ina score, the most influential factor was obtained, namely the degree of SLE disease activity.