Verba ‘Membuka’ dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Jepang : Kajian Semantik Lintas Bahasa

Abstract

This research discusses about the verbs 'membuka in Indonesian and Japanese languages viewed from cross cultural aspect. Three problems discussed are namely. categorization, meaning, and semantic structure. The research is conducted using Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory and data are collected through interviews. Data obtained are analyzed using identity method and distributional method. Data are displayed using formal and informal method. The respondents required as research samples were three native Japanese speakers and two native Indonesian speakers. The results indicates that the verbs membuka in Indonesian and Japanese languages consist of two categories, namely 1) X does something to something with something (tool), and 2) X does something to something using part of the body (hand). Lastly, the meaning of the verbs 'membuka' is formed from original meaning to DO, to HAPPEN, and to WANT which are combined to form a universal semantic syntax X DOES something to Y, so something HAPPENS to Y the way X WANTED. The verb 'membuka is formed by semantic structure, namely X DOES something to something, therefore, something HAPPENS to something (Y) the way X WANTED'. when X DOES something to Y, that something is close to the body of X. (Y) has the parts, X can DO something to one of its parts, X can DO it using something or its body part, because one of its parts moves the way X WANTED', 'then, X and/or everybody can see the inside of it. The similiarities and differences at the level of categorization and semantic structure occur at the level of lexico-syntactic framework, prototype scenario, effects and final results.