| dc.description.abstract | This research is the design and manufacture of a multihop LoRa network to
transmit river water levels at three internet blank spot locations to IoT Gateways
in locations where internet is available so that river water levels can be monitored
via the internet where if there is a rise in river water level or flooding it can be
detected early. so as to avoid the danger of victims and reduce large losses. To
monitor the water level in this study, three sensor nodes were created, namely
sensor node A, sensor node B, sensor node C and a gateway that receives data from
the LoRa network and sends it to the Cloud Thingsboard via the WiFi network. The
sensor node consists of the JSN SRO4T Waterproff sensor to measure the distance
between the sensor and the surface of the river water, the MRV-RFM95W LoRa
module as the sender and receiver of water level packets from node to node to the
gateway, and the ESP 32 microcomputer as the processor and the WiFi module as
the gateway wireless communication line with WiFi hotspot. Sensor node A
measures the water level And then sends it via the LoRa network to sensor node B.
Sensor node B receives packets from sensor node A then measures the water level
and sends the measurement results along with the water level from node A to sensor
node C. Sensor node C receives the packet from sensor node B then measures the
water level and sends the measurement results together with the water level from
sensor node A and sensor node B to the Gateway. Next, the gateway sends it to the
Cloud Thingsboard via a WiFi network. The time interval for sending the water
level at each sensor node uses Fuzzy logic with the Sugeno method with the variable
input water level and changes in water level. According to the results of the LoRa
range test, the furthest distance is 700m with an RSSI value of -113 dBm and an
SNR value of -18.50dB. The RTT(Round-trip time) time value for one hop is 180mS
for two hops 866mS and for three hops 1654 mS. By implementing a multi-hop
protocol on the LoRa network to transmit the water level from each node to the
gateway with a delivery interval of no later than 25 seconds and a maximum of 5
seconds, it can overcome packet duplication, looping and collisions with an average
packet loss of 0.375% and an average -the average packet error is 0.5%. From the
test results it can be obtained that the designed multi-hop LoRa network can
monitor river surface levels via the internet. | en_US |
