Analisis Gaya Hambat Bebatuan di Pinggir Pantai terhadap Gelombang Air Laut yang Menyebabkan Overtopping Menggunakan Elemen Hingga

Abstract

Wave overtopping is an event where water waves reach and surpass the surface of coastal defense structures, which can lead to flooding and coastal erosion. This study examines the use of rock structures as wave attenuators to reduce the risk of wave overtopping. Computational analysis methods based on finite element analysis are employed to develop numerical models and simulations to predict the level of overtopping and compare the effectiveness of multi-layered rock mound breakwaters with single-layered ones. The entire analysis of fluid mechanics systems will be simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The research findings indicate that multi-layered rock mound breakwaters are more optimal in dissipating waves compared to single-layered breakwaters. The advantages of multi-layered rock mound breakwaters lie in the double-resistance effect they create on the waves, as well as their larger surface area. The different layers of rock in multi-layered breakwaters are capable of altering wave velocities and absorbing energy more effectively, while the larger surface area provides more opportunities to break and reduce wave energy reaching the defense structure. These findings provide a better understanding of the importance of geometric shape and structure of wave breakwaters in enhancing the effectiveness of coastal defense against wave overtopping. This information can serve as a guide for designers and engineers in designing more effective wave breakwaters to protect coastal areas and related infrastructure from the risks of overtopping.