Makian dalam Bahasa Batak Toba Kajian Sosiolinguistik

Abstract

Humans as social creatures use language as a means of communication, humans often experience unwanted or unthinkable circumstances at all, in these circumstances a person is often unable to hold back emotions and spontaneously releases words that are less polite or even painful. But in addition to describing the bad situation that is being experienced cursing can also describe a very close relationship.This research discusses the forms of cursing, cursing references and cursing functions in the Toba Batak language. The data used is oral data. The data were collected using the listening method which begins with the tapping technique with further techniques in the form of free listening techniques, and note-taking techniques. Then the data were analyzed using the commensurate method. This research uses sociolinguistic theory which relates between language studies and social behavior. This research then uses the theory of cursing form according to Wijana, the theory of reference according to Wijana and the theory of cursing function according to Winiasih. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this study are the form of Toba Batak language cursing has three forms, namely word, phrase and clause. There are seven cursing references, namely; (1) circumstances, (2) animals, (3) spirits, (4) objects, (5) body parts, (6) kinship and (7) profession. The functions of the curses are seven, namely; (1) to express annoyance, (2) as a joke or the purpose of joking, (3) to express strong, strong or extreme emotions, (4) as a means of expressing intimacy in a relationship or intimacy, (5) to insult/revile, (6) to express frustration and annoyance, (7) to express amazement.