Deskripsi Teknik Pembuatan dan Permainan Sarune Etek Batak Toba oleh Sultan Simanihuruk di Desa Simanindo Kecamatan Simanindo Kabupaten Samosir

Abstract

This research discusses the process of making Sarune Etek musical instrument made by Sultan Simanihuruk and also how to play sarune etek. The methods used in this research are descriptive and qualitative methods with data and information collection, observation methods, documentation, field notes, direct interviews, and literature studies. The theory used by researchers is the study of structural and functional approaches pioneered by Shusumu Khasima and CurtSach & Hornbostel is a classification system of musical instruments based on the main source of vibration, and to analyze the gondang sibukka the mind uses the approach proposed by Nettl, which is to analyze and describe what music is heard, and write the music down on paper and describe what has been seen, as well as the approach proposed by William P. Malm, namely the things that must be analyzed and described. Malm, namely the things that must be considered in describing melodies, namely: scales, pitch centers, pitch regions, number of tones, number of intervals, cadence patterns, melodic formulas, and contours. The results obtained from this study indicate that sarune etek is included in aerophone (oboe single reed), the process of making sarune etek starts with preparing materials, measuring materials, cutting materials and forming sarune etek materials. This process uses modern tools such as lathes, grinding machines, electric drilling machines and wood cutting machines. The materials used consist of jior wood, kaffir lime and bamboo. In playing sarune etek, there are basic techniques that are often used by sarune players, namely marsiulak hosa (circular breathing,) Mandila-dila, Manghapit, Manganak-anaki, and Mangarak-araki techniques. In the Gondang Hasapi ensemble, sarune etek functions as a melody carrier, and sarune etek uses pentatonic scales namely es-f-g-as-bes and in Opera Batak or Uning-uningan sarune etek uses diatonic scales namely es-f-g-as-bes-c-d-es oktav. The conclusion in this study is that in the process of making sarune etek by Sultan Simanihuruk is done in a fairly short time, the tools and materials used in the process of making sarune etek can affect the quality of the sound produced by the sarune etek.