Prarancangan Pabrik Furfural dari Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) dengan Proses Supra Yield Kapasitas 2.000 Ton/Tahun dan Tugas Khusus: Rancangan Keteknikan Detail Reaktor

Abstract

The pre-preliminary plant of furfural manufacturing from sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) using the Supra Yield process has a production capacity of 2,000 tons/year and operates for 330 days a year. The main process in the predesign of this factory consists of four stages, namely the raw material preparation stage, the hydrolysis and dehydration stage, the main product separation and purification stage and the side product separation and purification stage. In the hydrolysis and dehydration stages, a fluidized bed reactor was used which operated at a temperature of 170°C at a pressure of 10 bar (7.9 atm) for 1 hour with a sulfuric acid catalyst concentration of 4.4%. The amount of sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) required to achieve a furfural production capacity of 2,000 tons/year or 252.5253 kg/hour is 851.0071 kg/hour. The specific task that was completed was the detailed engineering design of the fluidized bed reactor, which is the means by which the hydrolysis and dehydration reactions take place. The designed fluidized bed reactor has the following specifications: 1. Reactor volume : 532.6178 m3 2. Reaction zone diameter : 0.80983 m 3. Minimum fluidization height : 2.0894 m 4. Transport Disengaging Height : 1.7449 m 5. Freeboard height : 0.6268 m 6. Diameter of Expanded Section : 1.1209 m 7. Expanded Section Height : 1.1181 m 8. Shell thickness : 1/4 in 9. Cover type : Torispherical dished head 10. Thickness of bottom cap (bottom head) : 3/16 in 11. Height of the bottom cover (bottom head) : 0.1936 m 12. Thickness of top cover (top head) : 3/16 in 13. Top cover height (top head) : 0.2394 m 14. Total height of the reactor : 4.2674 m The factory for making furfural from sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) using the Supra Yield process is planned to be established in Sigintil, Teluk Rimba, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency, Riau with a total factory area of 16,643 m2. The water requirement at this factory is supplied from the Siak River, Siak Regency, Riau, namely 9,425.3349 kg/hour. The planned form of company organization is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure, and a total of 175 employees. The results of the economic analysis on the pre-design of this factory are as follows: 1. Capital Investment (CI) : IDR 236,917,392,183,- 2. Total Cost (TC) : IDR 144,561,630,803,- 3. Sales Proceeds : IDR 233,099,167,946,- 4. Net Profit : IDR 54,977,929,186,- 5. Profit Margin (PM) 36.0836% 6. Break Even Point (BEP) : 46.1780% 7. Return on Investment (ROI) : 23.2055% 8. Return On Network (RON) : 38.6759% 9. Pay Out Time (POT) : 4 years 4 months 10. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 20.7058% Based on the results of the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the factory for making furfural from sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) using the Supra Yield process with a production capacity of 2,000 tons/year is feasible to be established.