Masalah Sosial dalam Novel Trilogi Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Karya Ahmad Tohari

Abstract

This research is based on the thought of the importance of the existence of literary works which are as an inseparable part of society's lives that form a dialectical relationship between society and literary works. In addition, it is important to understand the pattern of discourse structures used by authors in producing texts in his works. The purpose of this study is to discuss 1) the dialectical relationship between the reality of the trilogy novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and social reality regarding social problems; 2) world view and human facts based on social problems in the novel; 3) the pattern of discourse structure in producing texts on social problems in the novel trilogy Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk. The theory used is genetic structuralism to discuss and analyze world views and human facts by using Sociology of Literature approach; and Critical Discourse Analysis Theory is used to find out the pattern of discourse structure on social problems. Qualitative descriptive paradigm with analytical descriptive method is the method used in this research. The data is obtained from the text in the primary and secondary data sources which refer to social problems and patterns of discourse structure in the novel. In addition, data are obtained from texts related to social problems and the results of interviews with the author. The data analysis technique is based on the data analysis interactive model component. The reality of the novel and the social reality depicted through the text regarding the social problems of poverty, occultism, prostitution, illiteracy, and crime in the form of exploitation in the novel related to the results of interviews with the author proves the existence of a dialectical relationship between novel reality and social reality. The world view related to social problems in the novel shows the world views on economic, religious, and social fields related to the function of literary texts in the form of affirmations and negations; meanwhile from the human facts views, revealed the form of individual human fact and collective human fact. The pattern of discourse structure on social problems in the novel based on the text dimensions shows that there are some elements which form the structure of the text used, namely: background elements, details, intentions, presuppositions, coherence, pronouns, lexicon, and graphics. Based on the elements of social cognition and social context, there are power practices, domination, and ideology found in the novel.