Pengaruh Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Perilaku Ibu terhadap Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Kota Medan Tahun 2023

Abstract

Diarrhea is a health problem that globally contributes to the death rate of two billion children worldwide, WHO reports more than 525,000 cases in toddlers are caused by diarrhea. Riskesdas 2018 found that the prevalence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia was 73,188 cases. Medan City in 2020 had 4,561 cases of diarrhea and in 2021 there were 18,588 cases of diarrhea in toddlers. Diarrhea is closely related to environmental sanitation and mother’s personal hygiene behavior. In the 2020-2024 RPJMN extension of the SDGs, 69.27% of households do not have adequate sanitation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental sanitation and mother behavior on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The type of this research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. Data analysis used multiple logistic regression tests with a sample of 120 mothers with toddlers aged 2-5 years. The results showed that the variables that had an effect on were the mother's actions (p=0.019) of personal hygiene on the incidence of toddler, the variables of knowledge (p=0.042) and attitudes (p=0.186) had no effect on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Environmental sanitation including clean water sources (p=0.456), toilet ownership (p=1.000), waste management (p=0.361) and waste disposal facilities (p=1.000) had no effect on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers.. This variable is the most influence on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Medan City is the mother's personal hygiene action which have the highest Exp.B value of 3,387. Suggestions for this research are for officers to be able to carry out health promotion and education regarding basic sanitation and personal hygiene to mothers and also families whose toddlers experience and do not experience diarrhea, carry out environmental sanitation and also synchronize data on toddler diarrhea between the puskesmas and the doctor/midwife practice clinic.