Pengaruh Perlakuan Beberapa Metode Budidaya terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah Varietas Lokananta dan Sanren F1 Asal True Shallot Seed (TSS) di Dataran Rendah

Abstract

Shallots in Indonesia are an important commodity due to their high demand in households and industries. shallot farmers in Indonesia use a lot of planting material from bulbs. There are disadvantages such as the need for large transportation costs, the price is relatively expensive, and the shelf life is limited. The use of shallots of TSS origin and cultivation methods can increase production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several cultivation methods on the growth and production of shallots of Lokananta and Sanren F1 varieties of TSS origin in the lowlands. This research was conducted in Kelurahan Tanjung Sari, Kecamatan Medan Selayang, Medan, North Sumatra with an altitude of about 25 meters above sea level from February to June 2023, using a randomized group design (RAK) with 2 factors. The first factor is shallot varieties, namely Lokananta and Sanren F1 varieties and the second factor is 4 cultivation methods namely M1 (150 kg/ha ZA, 700 kg/ha NPK and 187,5 kg/ha KCl, 10x10 cm spacing), M2 (150 kg/ha ZA, 700 kg/ha NPK and 187,5 kg/ha KCl, 10x15 cm spacing), M3 (500 kg/ha NPK 16: 16:16, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, 150 kg/ha ZA, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:9:20, 10x10 cm spacing), M4 (500 kg/ha NPK 16:16:16, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, 150 kg/ha ZA, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:9:20, 10x15 cm spacing). The results showed that the Sanren F1 variety was more tolerant in the lowlands than the lokananta variety with more tubers per sample, larger tuber diameter and heavier crown dry weight. M3 cultivation method (500 kg/ha NPK 16:16:16, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, 150 kg/ha ZA, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:9:20, 10x10 cm spacing) increased plant length, number of leaves, number of tubers per sample, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight per sample, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plot. The interaction between Sanren F1 variety and M3 cultivation method (500 kg/ha NPK 16:16:16, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, 150 kg/ha ZA, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:9:20, 10x10 cm spacing) produced higher plant length, number of leaves, number of tubers per sample, tuber diameter compared to other interactions. The best treatment that increases shallot production from TSS is the M3 cultivation method (500 kg/ha NPK 16:16:16, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, 150 kg/ha ZA, 200 kg/ha NPK 15:9:20 with a spacing of 10x10 cm).