Keanekaragaman Genetik Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) dari Kecamatan Angkola Timur Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Berdasarkan Morfologi dan Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)

Abstract

Durian is one of tropical fruit that is very popular and has a high economic value in Indonesia. Tapanuli Selatan Regency is one of the production centers for durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) in North Sumatra. One of the durian producing areas is Angkola Timur District. Information regarding the genetic diversity of durian in Angkola Timur District is limited. This research aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of durian in Angkola Timur District based on morphology and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. A total of 10 durian trees were randomly collected from people's plantations. Durian morphology was observed based on vegetative and generative organs. The durian genome was isolated using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) buffer and amplified with 6 SSR primers, which were Dz844, DzGCCG01, DzMTb021, Dz621, Dz535, and Dz504. The polymorphic percentage of the amplified bands was calculated then translated into binary data. The data were analyzed by using the Numerical Taxonomy and Multiverse System (NTSys) program and grouped based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithme Average (UPGMA) method. Analysis of the morphological diversity of the Angkola Timur durian collection showed that genetic diversity in the vegetative and generative organs was caused by open pollination. The results showed that the DzMTb021 primer was the primer with the highest polymorphism percentage of 93%. Primer Dz844 had a polymorphic percentage of 87%. However, the DzGCAG01, Dz535, Dz504 primers had the same polymorphism percentage of 80%. Primer Dz621 had the lowest polymorphic percentage at 73%. Based on the dendogram, 10 Angkola Timur durian collections had a similarity coefficient of 0.66 and are grouped into one cluster. The PR3 collection was the collection with the furthest genetic distance of the 10 durian collections, so it needs to be conserve and vegetative propagate vegetativelly as a source of germplasm in durian breeding.