Alat Kontrol Pemupukan Otomatis Portable Berbasis Sensor NPK dan Sensor Konduktivitas Listrik Tanah Terintegrasi IoT

Abstract

Success in crop cultivation activities can be determined by various factors. One of the factors that determine success is fertilisation. Fertilisation mainly depends on macronutrients, such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). Excessive or insufficient fertiliser application leads to reduced production, which results in crop cultivation products of relatively low quality. In addition, excessive or inadequate fertiliser application can increase the concentration of salt (soil salinity) which can affect the soil and growing media to become acidic, the texture tends to be harder, not loose so that the soil becomes infertile. These impacts can be anticipated by applying sufficient fertiliser in the appropriate amount and on target in the cultivation of these plants. For this reason, this research has developed a system that can automatically fertilise plants. This system consists of ESP32 microcontroller, NPK JXCT sensor, soil electrical conductivity sensor and actuator in the form of solenoid valve. The microcontroller is used to control, read and send data on NPK levels and soil electrical conductivity to Blynk. This system works by utilising the sensor to read the NPK level and electrical conductivity in the soil then the solenoid valve to apply liquid organic fertiliser to the soil. Monitoring is done through smartphone using Blynk application. Experimental results show that this control system is able to maintain fertiliser levels based on NPK value parameters and soil electrical conductivity according with the soil electrical conductivity value reading calibration equation y_regg=0.0338x-3.46.