Model Kolaborasi Pengembangan Ekowisata Berkelanjutan Berbasis Komunitas pada Destinasi Wisata Tangkahan Kecamatan Batang Serangan Kabupaten Langkat

Abstract

Tangkahan ecotourism is a type of tourism which began popular in 1990s. It is a a high-ranking tourist destination in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera. Unfortunately, there is no optimism of the condition of its natural facility and infrastructure today since it is not adequately developed, especially its natural product and attraction. It seems that it is not well-prepared by the local government. The objective of the research was to analyze and find out the model of integrity and collaboration based-ecotourism development at the Tangkahan tourist destination, Batang Serangan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency. The research used descriptive qualitative approach. A qualitative approach which is based on philosophical framework of positivism is used as a research methodology for studying the phenomena of natural characteristics and circumstances. In this case, the researcher plays his central role as the main research instrument. The strategy of gathering the data can be categorized as inductive and qualitative data. In the context of qualitative research, the research result tends to prioritize the interpretation of meaning, compared with the establishment of generalization (Sugiyono, 2017). This research used descriptive research design with qualitative technique, especially in-depth interview and Forum Group Discussion (FGD). This strategy was intended to obtain broad and detailed information about any problems which occurred in the field; the objective is to reveal the reality comprehensively in the field through this research. This research used descriptive design which was focused on detailed explanation about any findings obtained from the interviews and FGD. The result of the research on the management of Tangkahan ecotourism today is still in the stakeholders who are cooperating such as Balai Besar KSDA Sumatera Utara, Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Lauser (TNGL), Pengelolaan Hutan KPH, Conservation Response Unit (CRU), PT Perkebunan Nusantara II, the Local Government Agencies such as the Tourism Agency of Langkat Regency and two villages in Tangkahan Tourism area - Namo Sialang village and Sei Serdang village. Tangkahan ecotourism area is controlled by the management institution which is known as LPT (Tangkahan Tourism Institution). All of the managers in this institution come exclusively from the local people, especially the people from Namo Sialang village and Sei Serdang village. As an institution, LPT serves as the component involved in managing the ecotourism location. The management operation in the Tangkahan ecotourism area mostly follows one-stop management approach with the LPT which functions as the center of coordination and administration. As a managing institution , LPT covers various components such as Community Tour Operator (CTO) which functions to market ecotourism sector. Besides that, the ranger that plays the role as the guide, interpreter, or the personnel of Search and Rescue (SAR); some of them get involved in the conservation activities in the ecotourism area. Some obstacles of developing Tangkahan ecotourism area are the problems of permit and land, trustworthiness, and difficult access. Integrated and collaborated Tangkahan ecotourism management is established among the stakeholders and the Tangkahan community: the stakeholders and the community in the Tangkaha,n area such as LPT, Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Lauser (TNGL), Pengelolaan Hutan KPH, Conservation Response Unit (CRU), PT Perkebunan Nusantara IL the Local Government Agencies such as the Tourism Agency, and Tangkaha,n Tourism villages such as Namo Siialang village and Sei Serdang village. LPT (Tangkahan Tourism Institution) is the element which protects the Tangkahan ecotourism object. Commun'ity collaboration based-development model in its development in the Tangkahan tourist destination should be managed transparency which means that its development cannot stand by itself, but it should be integrated with the other communities' activities which support the development of ecotourism under the authority of different institutions. The development ofTangkahan tourism can be done by some improvements, based on the potency of ecotourism object and attraction by indentifying the tourists ' demands and desire and the capacity of the area. The main development program of Tangkaha,n ecotourism is the regulation on the management of using TNGL as Tangkahan ecotourism area, improving its facility and infrastructure, improving human resources in tourism, collaboration with stakeholders. The direction of community and collaboration based-Tangkahan Ecotourism development model by stakeholders is presented in the written form and in the form of mutual agreement. The implementation of collaboration concerning the change in resources owned by each party; it should be included in the mutual agreement in the form of goods and services and the activities of managing the area collaboratively by the support and the obligation of each party