Pengaruh Sosioekonomi, Kualitas Tidur, Stres, dan Hipertensi terhadap Kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Kelompok Usia 30–60 Tahun di Kota Medan

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the top four non–communicable diseases causing up to 80 percent of deaths worldwide. Indonesia experienced an increase in the prevalence of type 2 DM from 6,9 percent in 2013 to 8,5 percent in 2018. The prevalence of type 2 DM in North Sumatra Province also increased from 1,8 percent in 2013 to 2,0 percent in 2018 with the highest number of cases in Medan. This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic (employment status, income, and education level), sleep quality, stress, and hypertension on type 2 DM incidence in the age group of 30–60 years in Medan. This research was conducted in seven community health centers included in three sub–districts with the highest number of type 2 DM cases in 2022, which are Medan Denai, Medan Tuntungan, and Medan Timur sub–district. The research method used a case–control design with 68 case and control samples each. Data analysis used path analysis. The result showed that sleep quality (b=0,820; 95% CI=0,076−1,565; p=0,031), stress (b=0,893; 95% CI=0,149−1,636; p=0,019), and hypertension (b=1,046; 95% CI=0,250−1,841; p=0,010) had a direct effect on the incidence of type 2 DM. Income has no direct effect on the incidence of type 2 DM (p=0,082) but increases the risk of type 2 DM indirectly through stress conditions (b=1,002; 95% CI=0,156−1,848; p=0,020). Employment status and education level had no direct nor indirect effect on the incidence of type 2 DM. Path analysis results also showed that stress has an indirect effect on the incidence of type 2 DM through poor sleep quality (b=0,878; 95% CI=0,179−1,578; p=0,014) and hypertension (b=0,860; 95% CI=0,0117−1,602; p=0,023). Getting enough and regular rest, managing stress well, and controlling blood pressure can prevent the incidence of type 2 DM.