Evaluasi Karakter Fenotip Jagung F2 (Manis X Pulut)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was determine the phenotype characteristics of the F2 maize (resulting from the cross between Bonanza maize and URI-1 sticky corn) in a backcross with the male parent URI-1 sticky corn. The study was conducted at the Experimental Agricultural Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, situated at an altitude of approximately 25 meters above sea level, spanning from August 2023 to November 2023. Two genotypes were cultivated: the F2 cross (derived from the cross between Bonanza corn and Pulut URI-1 corn) and Pulut URI-1 corn. The crossing involved the female parent of the F2 (resulting from the cross between the female parent of Bonanza corn and the male parent of Pulut URI-1 corn) and the male parent seeds of Pulut URI-1 corn. The total number of plants studied was 24, with a sample size of 12 plants. Based on the obtained data, phenotypic diversity values were calculated. The research results indicated that the F2 cross with Pulut URI-1 corn exhibited both wide and narrow phenotypic diversity. The qualitative factors observed included the dominant round seed shape, whereas the dominant seed color resulting from the cross was whitish-yellow. Quantitative factors showed wide phenotypic values for cob length, cob weight, number of rows per cob, seed weight per cob, and 100-seed weight. However, the quantitative factor revealed narrow phenotypic values specifically for cob weight. The percentage of seed color resulting from the Backcross F2 with Corn Pulut was 64%.