Bahasa Batak Toba dan Bahasa Batak Karo: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif

Abstract

This research is entitled "Toba Batak Language and Karo Batak Language: Comparative Historical Linguistic Study." This research describes two cognate languages using lexicostatistical methods. Lexicostatistics is a method of grouping languages by prioritizing aspects of words (lexicon) by comparing vocabulary statistically and grouping them based on the percentage of similarities in the languages being compared. Meanwhile, glotochronology is a method of grouping languages based on calculating time or age between related languages. The aim is to describe how much the Toba Batak language and the Karo Batak language have in common, when the Toba Batak language and Karo Batak language separated, and how many years the predicted age of the Toba Batak language and the Karo Batak language is. The benefit is to increase insight into the two cognate languages studied using lexicostistic techniques. The theory used to study this data is the comparative historical linguistic theory put forward by Gorys Keraf. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The results obtained in this research are: of the 500 vocabularies of the Toba Batak language and the Karo Batak language studied, there are only 318 pairs of related words, or only 65% of the word relatives, the Toba Batak language and the Karo Batak language are a single language in 995 ± 74 years ago or 1,069 ̶ 921 years ago, and separated from the proto language between 954 ̶ 1,102 AD or in the X-XII centuries AD (calculating from 2023).