Penampilan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi Populasi F2 Hasil Persilangan Terbuka pada Tiga Kultivar Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Maize is one of the strategic and economically valuable cereals and has the opportunity to be developed because of its position as the main source of carbohydrates and protein after rice as well as a source of food. The purpose of this study was to determine the appearance of morphological and agronomic characters of F2 population from F1 production results from the crossing of three types of corn plants. The expected production is useful as a genetic source to form a new basic population as a selection material to form the desired genotypes and varieties. This research was conducted in Tinggi Raja District, Asahan, North Sumatra in June 2022 until completion at an altitude of ± 35 meters above sea level. In this study, the phenotypic variation of each character and standard deviation were analyzed. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, seed weight, seed shape, seed color, cob diameter, number of cobs, cob weight, cob length. The results showed that the 60 maize samples had quantitative characters of phenotypic diversity classified as broad and narrow for the characters observed. Characters that have broad phenotypic diversity are plant height, number of leaves, seed weight, cob length, cob weight, number of cobs and male flowering age, female flowering age. Plants J7, J13, J23, J34, J36, J43, J44, J45, J53, and J56, are genotypes that have the fastest AsI of 2 days. Plants J1, J14, J37, J47, and J60, are genotypes that have the longest Anthesis Silk Interval of 4 days. The results of observations on qualitative characters show differences between characters, namely on the character of seed shape that has a different shape. In the character of seed color varies, namely purple, purple white and red. In the character of male flower color varies, namely white and purple. In the character of stem color has differences in the color of each plant, namely green and purple.