Tataurut Kata Bahasa Mandarin : Tipologi Sintaksis

Abstract

The objective of the research was to describe the pattern of word position in sequence in Mandarin and Mandarin typology, using syntactic approach. The theory was used to analyze the phenomenon of Mandarin which included two theories: the theory of typology of word position in sequence by Greenberg and the theory of relational grammar by Comrie. The data consisted of Mandarin phrases, clauses, and sentences obtained from Xunbao newspaper and Mandarin books. The research used qualitative method. The research result was presented by using formal method. The result of the research, based on formula of the problems and the objective of the research shows that Mandarin word position in sequence was SPO SVO. The position pattern can change to SVO because 0 changes its position to V after it becomes a passive sentence. Word position in sequence in an imperative sentence is S-P-/S-P-O. Declarative sentence has the pattern of S-P/S-P-O. Interrogative sentence has the pattern of work position in sequence of A-P/S-V. Based on the syntactic typology approach, Mandarin tends to be included in ergative type of language. Mandarin treats S the same as P although it is different from A. Patient's argument from transitive predicate is treated the same as intransitive predicate argument (S) and different from A (agent) argument of transitive predicate.