Evaluasi Lanskap Habitat Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) di Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat

Abstract

Pakpak Bharat Regency is ecologically an integral part of the habitat of the Sumatran Orangutan. The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is a critically endangered species that generally occurs because of habitat fragmentation. As a growth area, regional development that is not implemented wisely will threaten the fragmentation of animal habitats and ecosystems. Landscape evaluation determines landscape conditions, including land cover changes and landscape structure in 2003, 2011, and 2022. The method used in this study is supervised classification in 2003, 2011, and 2022 in the analysis of land cover in Pakpak Bharat Regency, spatial fragmentation analysis using landscape metrics: Total Core Area, Mean Patch Size, Number of Patches, Patch Density, Total Edge, Edge Density, Mean Shape Index, Area Weighted-Mean Shape Index, Mean Patch Fractal Dimension. The results showed that the most significant land cover changes in Pakpak Bharat Regency from 2003 to 2011 decreased bareland, while from 2011 to 2022, it was rice fields. The land cover change increased the most significantly in 2003, 2011, and 2022 was settlement. Changes in landscape structure show fragmented habitat in 2003 – 2022 characterized by a decrease in core area and average patch size, an increase in the number of patches, patch density, edge area, edge density, shape, and index of simple to complex patches. The construction of the Lagan-Pagindar road caused the Sumatran Orangutan's habitat to become fragmented and triggered land conversion. Mitigating the impact of roads is needed to prevent further worsening of the effects of Sumatran Orangutan habitat fragmentation.