Analisis Timbal (Pb) pada Lipstik yang Dijual Secara Online menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA)

Abstract

Background: Cosmetics are preparations intended for use on the outside of the human body. The most widely used cosmetics product is lipstick. Some lipsticks have been found to contain toxic ingredients such as lead metal (Pb). The presence of lead (Pb) can make lipstick resistant to air oxidation and waterproof, because lead (Pb) has properties that are difficult to dissolve in water. If heavy metal lead (Pb) is absorbed by the skin, it will enter the blood and attack organs, causing various diseases. Lead (Pb) can attack the nervous system, urinary system, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, endocrine system and is carcinogenic in high doses. Objective: To determine the levels of lead metal (Pb) in lipstick and compare with the requirements set by the Food and Drugs Administration number 12 of 2019. Method: Lipstick samples are obtained from online shopping applications then the samples are acidically deconstructed by adding 10 ml of concentrated HNO3, then heated to a volume of approximately 10 ml followed by the addition of 5 ml of concentrated HCIO4 heated again until the sample solution is clear, heating is continued for approximately 30 minutes the cool the sample solution the filtered with filter paper, the filtrate is placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask, distilled water is added to the limit mark, the test solution is read using atomic absorption spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 217 nm. Result: The result showed that the average level of lead metal (Pb) in lipstick that is not registered with the food and drug administration is 1,7226 mg/kg and the average level of lead metal (Pb) in lipstick registered with the food and drug administration is 2,1534 mg/kg. Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the average level of lead metal (Pb) in lipstick meets the requirements set by the food and drugs administration number 12 of 2019, which does not exceed 20 mg/kg.