Estetika Nisan Plak-Plieng Kerajaan Lamuri Aceh Kajian Menurut Konsep Estetika Susanne Knauth Langer

Abstract

We can find relics of fine art from the past in various objects left by past civilizations, one of which is a tombstone. The plaques from the Lamuri Kingdom of Aceh are relics of fine art that have aesthetic value that can be enjoyed and studied to see the various messages left behind. This research raises the problem of the visual and symbolic aesthetics of the Plak-plieng gravestones of the Lamuri kingdom of Aceh using Susanne Knauth Langer's aesthetic theory. This research aims to describe the visual and symbolic aesthetics of the Plak-plieng gravestones of the Lamuri Aceh kingdom using Susanne Knauth Langer's aesthetic theory. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The research was located in Lamreh Village, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency. The results of the research show that based on their size, Plak-plieng tombstones are divided into four types, namely Plak- plieng tombstones types A, B, C and D with two shapes, namely the form of an upright vertical beam with a head end or roof in the form of a temple roof and the shape of a vertical beam with a tip. The head or roof is in the shape of a pyramid/triangular pyramid. The decorative motifs found on the Plak-plieng gravestones are the Bungoeng Seureupeu motif, Bungoeng Awan, Bungoeng Puta Taloe Dua, Bungoeng Glima, Bungoeng Teratai Mekar, and Bungoeng Gapeuh, Bungoeng Jeumpa, Bungoeng Awan Sitangkee, Bungoeng Pua Taloe Dua, Bungoeng Seuleupo motif, Bungoeng. Awan Sitangkee, bungoeng Puta Taloe Dua and bungoeng Sagoe. On small and large tombstones there are differences in carvings, namely on large tombstones there are inscriptions (writing by the grave owner and excerpts from literary words and poems with moral messages about life as well as appeals to charity towards death, whereas on small tombstones there are only decorative motifs. By using aesthetic theory Langer then found symbolic aesthetics in the Plak-plieng tombstone, namely the Plak-plieng tombstone of the Lamuri Aceh Kingdom as a symbol of art, a symbol of expression, a symbol of legitimacy of power, a symbol of structured power and a symbol of presentational messages.