Karakteristik Dasar Tiga Jenis Bambu

Abstract

Indonesia is country that have great avialability of bamboo, reach 10.4 million tons that most endemic species being in Sumatra, it can be used as ecologically and economically functional raw material in traditional or modern way. This study aimed to analyze characteristics (morphology, anatomy, physiology, mechanics, chemical composition, starch content and natural resistance) of black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea), betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens). The morphology of bamboo has similarities reed shape, height and diameter. Anatomy of fiber length of three is in class I <2000μm, fiber diameter in medium category≥40μm, lumen value is around 10-15μm, cell walls black bamboo and betung are in medium category of ˃5 μm. Based on fiber dimension value, belangke and betung are in quality class II, and black is in class I. Physical and mechanical test parameter based on position base, middle and top. The highest moisture content and shrinkage values directly proportional to bamboo betung 27% with 20% of shrinkage at top. Specific gravity is 0.54-0.58g/cm³. The highest tensile, shear and compressive test have highest value of black bamboo 563.43Mpa, 15Mpa and 6.87kN/mm². The chemical content of bamboo includes tests for extractive content, AIL and ASL, holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and ash content where the average is 2.65%, 6.18 and 2.88%, 65.85%, 48.64%, 20%, and 3.3%. The starch content test was proportional to natural resistance test based on weight loss that attack by subterranean termites, where betung have highest starch content 7.8% that be in accordance of a weight loss of 1.28%. Differences of characteristics bamboo based on variations in species, location grow, and zone factors.