Karakteristik Biochar Batang Kelapa Sawit dengan Teknik Retort dan Klin pada Permukaan Pori dan Gugus Fungsional

Abstract

The quality of the biochar produced is determined by the pyrolysis method used. The quality of the biochar produced is assessed from the results of biochar characterization such as the morphology and pores of the biochar surface, the functional groups that make up the biochar and the surface area of the biochar pores. The pore surface characteristics were analyzed using the Brunauer Emnet Teller (BET) method, the biochar functional groups were characterized using infra-red spectrophotometry (FTIR) and the biochar surface pore morphology was characterized using the Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. This research aims to examine the characteristics of oil palm stem biochar using retort and klin technique. Analysis of the characteristics of oil palm stem biochar was carried out at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra and at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The research results show differences in the characteristics of biochar produced using the retort and klin technique. The results os pH analysis show that biochar using the retort technique has a pH value of 9,51 and biochar using the klin technique has a pH value of 9,58. The results of FTIR analysis show that biochar using the retort technique had 8 peaks with 7 functional groups and biochar using the klin technique had 7 peaks with 5 functional groups. The results of SEM-EDX analysis show that biochar using the klin technique has a regular pore structure with a larger surface area and the carbon content in the retort technique is 78.05% and the klin technique is 71.16%. The results of BET analysis show that biochar using the klin technique has a larger surface area of 27,591 m2/g compared to the retort technique, namely 14,115 m2/g and the pore size of biochar in the klin technique is 15,406 Å and the retort technique is 19,430 Å, both of which are included in the micropore category.