Pemanfaatan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) untuk Pemetaan Potensi Nipah (Nypa Fruticans) pada Ekosistem Mangrove Belawan Kota Medan

Abstract

Management of mangrove forests, especially Nipah vegetation, requires accurate and detailed potential data. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology can provide the potential for Nipah data that has a high level of accuracy and can be updated regularly. This research aims to analyze the distribution of Nipah in the Belawan mangrove area using UAVs and calculate the potential of Nipah that can be utilized by the surrounding community. The methods used include mapping Nipah using the Object-Based Image Analysis, field surveys, and accuracy tests through field checks. During the research, 571 aerial photos were taken from a height of 80 meters, resulting in an orthomosaic covering 7,000 meters. 57 hectares with a Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 1.92 cm/pixel, which means the GSD will be smaller if the UAV flies lower. The accuracy of aerial photo mapping was assessed by producing a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 9.99681 which indicates good geometric correction. The closer to zero the RMSE value, the better the geometric correction. In data processing using the OBIA method, experiments were carried out with scale parameters of 100, shape of 0.1, and compactness of 0.5. The classification results show the area distribution of each class, namely Nipah (Nypa Fruticans) covering an area of 4.63 hectares, Non Nipah covering an area of 1.99 hectares, and Waters covering an area of 0.95 hectares. Apart from that, in the Nipah distribution location there are 4,332 Nipah trees (Nypa Fruticans) with a distribution area of 4.63 hectares, so that on average there are 935 Nipah trees per hectare. The results of the field survey also showed that there were around 387 palm fruit bunches, which means there were around 83 palm fruit bunches per hectare.