Pemanfaatan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) untuk Identifikasi Pohon Pakan Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo Abelii) di Pos Monitoring Halaban Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser

Abstract

The Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) is a critically endangered species that heavily relies on feeding trees in its natural habitat. Accurate and efficient mapping of feeding trees is crucial for understanding the ecology of orangutans and for effective conservation planning. This can be achieved by utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a tool for accurate data collection, covering large areas in a relatively short time. This research aims to map the distribution of feeding trees for the Sumatran Orangutan in the monitoring post of Halaban and determine the dominance of feeding tree species at the Halaban monitoring post. The method employed involves the processing of aerial photos and Object- Based Image Analysis (OBIA). The aerial photos are processed into an Orthomosaic format using Agisoft Metashape in TIFF format. The research results include aerial photos of orangutan feeding tree species obtained using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), resulting in 1,206 aerial photos with a Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 1.87 cm/pixel, covering an area of 38.62 hectares and comprising 8 classification classes: Diospyros buxifolia, Macaranga indica, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga hypoleuca, Macaranga Conifera, Vitex pinnata, non-orangutan feeding plants, and the Halaban monitoring post.Based on field survey results, 11 orangutan feeding tree species were identified, with the highest Important Value Index (INP) observed in the species Macaranga indica (121,07%). Macaranga indica dominates more than other feeding tree species, consistent with the OBIA classification results at a 100-scale segmentation, indicating that Macaranga indica has the widest canopy area according to the Important Value Index. The lowest INP value was observed in the Canarium denticulatum species (3,20%), a type of forest Durian.