Karakteristik Perekat Alami Gambir (Uncaria gambir) dari Pakpak Bharat Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Gambir is a sap extracted from the leaves and twigs of the gambier plant. Pakpak Bharat Regency is one of the largest gambier producers in North Sumatra Province. Apart from being a traditional medicine and beauty agent, gambier also has potential in the industrial sector as a material for making adhesives such as plywood and particle board. Sucrose can also function as a binder or adhesive independently, this indicates that the OH group in sucrose can form quite strong hydrogen bonds with lignocellulose. The purpose of adding sucrose is to add hydroxyl groups between sucrose and gambier which will bind to cellulose. This research aims to test the characteristics of gambier, test the characteristics of gambier adhesive, and analyze the influence of the gambier-sucrose ratio factor in the adhesive on the quality of pine powder particle board. This research method refers to SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000, SNI 06-4567˗1998 and JIS A 5908-2003. Gambir-sucrose adhesive is made in five material ratios, namely the gambier-sucrose ratio of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, and for boards using two ratios, namely the ratio 75/25 and 25/75 and the temperature applied to making the board is 200ºC. The results of this research show that gambier from Pakpak Bharat contains 78.50% catechin with condition characteristics and water content that meet SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000 standards. For gambier-sucrose adhesive it meets SNI 06-4567˗1998 standards regarding shape, color and presence of impurities. (100% sucrose), ash content (0/100), solids content (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50), specific gravity (75/25, 50/50). In the physical properties test, it shows that the density meets the JIS A-5908˗2003 standard, in the power test results the water content at a 50/50 ratio meets the standard with values of 0.51-0.58 g/cm3 and 6.68%, while in testing for water absorption, thickness development, and internal bond, it does not meet the JIS A-5908˗2003 standards.