Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Daun Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.) terhadap Beberapa Isolat Mikroba Patogen Klinis

Abstract

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a typical plant found in the North Sumatra region. andaliman's ability to produce secondary metabolite compounds can be used as a natural medicinal ingredient. One important part of the andaliman plant that can produce many secondary metabolites is the leaves. However, the lack of exploration of the potential of andaliman leaves as antimicrobial producers, it is necessary to conduct research in determining the antimicrobial activity of andaliman leaf extract against clinical pathogenic microbes. The andaliman leaves were obtained from Pollung area, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The andaliman leaves were macerated with three types of solvents namely ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Extracts from each solvent were made in several concentrations, namely 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%. The andaliman leaf extract was tested for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with the kirby bauer method. The results showed that the phytochemical screening of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of andaliman leaves contained secondary metabolite compounds i.e. alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids, while flavonoid and tannin compounds were only produced from ethanol extract of andaliman leaves. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the three solvents against pathogenic microbes indicates antimicrobial activity. The highest ability to inhibit microbes was produced from ethanol extract with a concentration of 45%. The concentration of the extract is directly proportional to the inhibition zone, namely the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the inhibition zone produced. Antimicrobial tests show that bacteria that are more sensitive to andaliman leaf extract are Staphylococcus aureus. This proves that andaliman leaf extract has the potential to be developed as a natural antimicrobial in inhibiting clinical pathogenic microbes.