Analisis Mikro Struktur, Elemen, dan Gugus Fungsional Biochar Kotoran Sapi Hasil Teknik Retort dan Kiln

Abstract

Biochar is the result of pyrolysis of biomass waste, in this case cow dung waste. Biochar characteristics are influenced by the pyrolysis technique used. Biochar characteristics can be analysed by Scanning Electron Microscope- Emergy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to observe the morphology, amount of carbon, and amount of nutrients in biochar, Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) to observe the surface area and pores of biochar, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to observe the functional groups contained in biochar. This study aims to see the characteristics of cow dung biochar through kiln and retort techniques. Analysis of cow dung biochar characteristics was carried out at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra and at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The pH analysis results showed that biochar with kiln technique had a pH value of 9.53 and biochar with retort technique had a pH value of 9.08. SEM-EDX analysis results show that the retort technique has a larger surface area and carbon content of 60.75% compared to the kiln technique with a carbon content of 37.49%. The results of BET analysis showed that biochar with retort technique has a larger surface area of 28.620 m2/g compared to the kiln technique of 13.501 m2/g and pore size in retort technique of 15,293 Å and pore size in kiln technique of 17,227 Å which is included in the micropore category. The results of FTIR analysis showed that biochar with retort had 8 peak wave numbers and 6 functional groups and biochar with kiln technique had 8 peak wave numbers and 4 functional groups.