Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) dengan Pemberian Biosaka

Abstract

Rice is the most important staple food crop and serves as the primary staple food in Indonesia, making it a strategic commodity. The continuously increasing population growth drives the demand for rice to increase. This study aims to analyze the effect of Biosaka application on the growth and production of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.), namely IR64, Ciherang, and Inpari 32. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, from September to March 2024. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two treatment factors with three replications The treatment factor for varieties consists of 3 levels: IR64, Ciherang, and INPARI32. The second factor, biosaka treatment, consists of 3 levels: control, soaking, and spraying.. Observed variables included plant height, number of tillers, leaf color, number of productive tillers, flowering age total panicle, panicle length, panicle weight, weight of filled grains per clump, weight of 100 grains, percentage of filled grains, percentage of empty grains, and harvest age. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed no interaction between Biosaka treatment and varieties. The application of biosaka did not significantly affect rice plant growth; however, biosaka significantly affects the weight of 100 grains of rice, the percentage of filled grain weight, and the percentage of empty grain weight. The biosaka treatments (P1 and P2) have a higher percentage of filled grain weight compared to the control and a lower percentage of empty grain weight compared to the control. The weight of 100 grains of rice in the biosaka treatments is higher than in the control, with the highest being in treatment P2 (rice plants sprayed with biosaka). The research results also show that the Ciherang variety provides the best results compared to IR64 and Inpari 32 in the variables of filled grain weight per clump, the weight of 100 grains of rice, and the percentage of filled grain weight.