Deteksi Molekuler Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) pada Komoditas Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus Vannamei) di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a disease registered by The Office International des Epizooties (OIE). AHPND causes a major problem in shrimp cultivation production in the world. Vannamei shrimp infected with AHPND can lead to high mortality in vannamei shrimp cultivation due to the influence of the pirA and pirB toxin genes. Diagnosis of AHPND based on the observation of infection symptoms could not provide accurate results in determining whether shrimp are infected with AHPND. Therefore, the aim of the study was to detect AHPND in vannamei shrimp with PCR technique. Respectively, a total of 32 samples of vannamei shrimp were examined at BKIPM Medan I from October 2023 to March 2024 and morphological analysis was carried out at BKIPM Medan I. The parameters observed in this study included AHPND infection symptoms, AHPND detection by PCR, prevalence of AHPND attacks and water quality. The results of the research showed that the symptoms of infection in vannamei shrimp affected by AHPND were that the shrimp's hepatopancreas was pale, the intestines were starting to empty, they were swimming restlessly and the hepatopancreas was experiencing atrophy. PCR detection was carried out on 32 vannamei shrimp samples, 6 samples were declared infected with AHPND which showed the presence of a DNA fragment measuring 230 bp. The prevalence value of AHPND attacks in 32 vannamei shrimp samples reached 18.75%.