| dc.description.abstract | Acetate cellulose is generally produced through the esterification of the 2-, 3-, and 6-hydroxyl groups of anhydrocellulose, which is a reaction between cellulose and acetic anhydride. Commercially, acetate cellulose is produced through reaction stages including cellulose acetylation and acetate cellulose hydrolysis. First, the hydroxyl groups of cellulose are acetylated using acetic anhydride in the presence of concentrated acetic acid and sulfuric acid to form cellulose triacetate. The acetyl groups of cellulose triacetate are then partially hydrolyzed by adding water to obtain the desired product.
The raw materials used in the preliminary design of this factory are siwalan fibers and acetic anhydride, as well as supporting materials such as sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, and water. The process starts with the raw material preparation stage. In this stage, siwalan fibers are reduced in size using a disk chipper to a size of 2 cm. The second stage is delignification using sodium hydroxide, where the delignification process takes place for 2 hours at a temperature of 100 °C and a consistency of 10% water in the pulp, followed by bleaching using sodium hypochlorite. The third stage is activation using glacial acetic acid under operating conditions of 50 °C with stirring for 30 minutes. The fourth stage is acetylation, which is the process of forming cellulose triacetate in the acetylation reactor using acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid catalyst with operating conditions in the reactor of 70 °C and a reaction time of 1 hour. The fifth stage is the hydrolysis process, where cellulose triacetate is hydrolyzed into cellulose acetate in a hydrolyzer tank at 110 °C with a heating medium of steam for 2 hours with the addition of water by 71% of the cellulose weight. The sixth stage is the product purification process, where acetate cellulose containing reactants is passed through a filter press to separate it, then it is placed in a rotary dryer for drying using steam as a heating medium at 120 °C for 1 hour and then it is sized using a Hammer Mill to a size of 30 mesh. The final stage is the product handling, where the refined product is collected in a silo and then packaged in a product storage warehouse.
This acetate cellulose plant is planned to operate for 330 days a year. The location of the plant is planned in the Alak District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. With the establishment of this plant, it is hoped that it can meet the need for acetate cellulose in Indonesia.
The planned business entity form is a Limited Liability Company (PT). The planned organizational form is a line and staff organization with the number of employees needed being 145 people. The results of the economic analysis of acetate cellulose production from siwalan fibers obtained are as follows:
The economic analysis results of producing acetic acid from coconut husks are as follows:
• Total investment capital : Rp230,422,047,940
• Production cost : Rp190,248,603,058
• Sales revenue : Rp299,294,685,380
• Net profit : Rp76,003,096,337
• Profit margin : 36.25%
• Break-even point : 37.32%
• Return on investment : 32.98%
• Pay Out Time : 3.03 years
• Return On Network : 55%
• Internal Rate of Return : 42.94%
Based on the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the establishment of an Acetate Cellulose factory from coconut husks is feasible. | en_US |
