Studi Pengolahan Limbah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Alternatif Mendekati Solar Menggunakan Sistem Pirolisis

Abstract

This research is motivated by the large amount of plastic waste discarded annually in waste banks and the depletion of available fossil fuels. Therefore, there is a need to further process plastic waste into alternative fuels closely resembling diesel. The process involves converting plastic waste into oil through pyrolysis, a combustion method that does not require oxygen. During pyrolysis, the raw material undergoes a change in chemical structure, transforming into a gas phase. The temperature utilized in this pyrolysis process is 450 ℃, using LDPE and PP plastic raw materials, with each raw material weighing 2 kg. The pyrolysis results in plastic oil, gas, and residue. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the characteristics of the two types of plastic resulting from the pyrolysis combustion process. The specific heating value of LDPE plastic is 43 kj/kg, and for PP, it is 42 kj/kg. The density of LDPE is 0.7973 g/mL, while PP is 0.7989 g/mL. Additionally, the viscosity of LDPE is 2.517 cP, and for PP, it is 3.025 cP. The flash point of LDPE is found to be 40 ℃, while for PP, it is 29 ℃. The cetane value of LDPE is 71.6, whereas for PP, it is 55.4From the results of laboratory tests, it was concluded that the type of plastic oil close to the characteristics of diesel fuel is LDPE plastic oil.