Distribusi dan Karakteristik Habitat Larva, serta Morfologi Nyamuk Anopheles spp. di Desa Ujung Bandar, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Ujung Bandar Village, Salapian District, Langkat Regency has experienced changes in ecological conditions. These changes were caused by human activities. Increased risk of transmission of malaria transmitted by Anopheles vector mosquitoes was due to changes in land-use type. This study aims to determine larval habitat, abiotic and biotic factors, density, and habitat distribution of Anopheles spp. Larvae habitat survey was conducted in Hamlet II using an accidental sampling method with a coverage of up to 2 km2 from residential areas. Data collection was carried out by direct observation in the field with a descriptive approach. The results of the study there were 55 habitats of Anopheles spp. larvae found with a percentage of 70.51%. The positive habitats of Anopheles spp. larvae were spread across 3 areas, namely oil palm plantations by 86.95%, polyculture plants by 70.83%, and residential areas by 14.28%. The dominated by abiotic factors were rock substrate by 54.55%, perimeter <0.5 meters by 52.73%, very shallow depth by 45.45%, flowing habitat by 63.64%, and clean water by 81.82%. Habitat of Anopheles spp. larvae had averaged temperature of 25.66 °C, pH 7.3 and salinity 0%. Biotic factors that were dominated by habitats with no vegetation at 63.64%, canopy cover at 70.90%, and aquatic predators at 61.82%. The highest density of Anopheles larvae was found in natural habitats in river banks at 0.69 larvae per dip, while in artificial habitats in drums at 0.20 larvae per dip. Three species of Anopheles were found, namely An. kochi, An. leucosphyrus group, and An. maculatus complex. These three species were malaria vectors in Indonesia. Based on this study, the discovery of the habitat of the larvae of Anopheles spp. in Hamlet II had spread in residential areas and was found to have adapted to artificial habitats.